When you first start using salicylic acid in your skin care routine, it can often be a little daunting to figure out where to use it and if it fits into your existing routine. Salicylic acid is one of the most commonly used beta hydroxy acids (BHAs) and is often favored by those with acne-prone skin problems like spots and breakouts. Salicylic acid works on the skin a little differently than popular alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) like glycolic acid because it has a smaller molecule size, allowing it to penetrate deeper into the skin and reach deep into the pores. Salicylic acid is also oil-soluble, which means it unclogs pores and prevents the buildup of excess sebum, bacteria, dirt, debris, and other impurities. While salicylic acid works on the lower layers of the skin, it removes dead skin cells from the outer surface, which can build up over time and lead to acne and other breakouts if not removed. If you want more details on how salicylic acid works on the skin, check out this blog post on the skin care benefits of clever BHAs. You’ll also notice that we have a dedicated blog post on how to use salicylic acid serums in your daily routine. Now that we’ve discussed what salicylic acid does for your skin, let’s explore where you can incorporate salicylic acid into your skincare routine. What role does salicylic acid play in your skincare routine? This depends on the formulation of the product containing salicylic acid, as a general skincare rule is to apply products in order of consistency from thinnest to thickest. This is considered the best way to reap the benefits of the active ingredients in skincare products. Salicylic acid is commonly found in a range of skincare products, from cleansers to toners to serums. Choosing a product will help you better understand where you can use salicylic acid in your daily routine. While there are many options, exfoliating toners are considered the most popular. This is because toners are highly effective products that can help remove dead skin cells, dirt, bacteria, and other impurities from your skin. Another benefit of using a toner rich in salicylic acid is that it doesn’t stay on the skin for a long time, which means it won’t cause severe dryness or irritation to your skin. Other skincare products, such as serums or moisturizers, can stay on the skin for longer and be used at the end of your daily routine. You’ll also notice that this formula contains a higher concentration of powerful substances. Therefore, it’s recommended that you use a serum or moisturizer only after your skin has built up a certain tolerance to BHA. This will help you avoid unnecessary irritation, skin reactions, or severe dryness. What can salicylic acid be used with? There are several ingredients that can be used with salicylic acid. Glycolic acid Lactic acid Malic acid Hyaluronic acid Niacinamide Peptides Ceramides Retinol Vitamin C Since not all of the ingredients listed should be used with salicylic acid, try alternating more potent ingredients like retinol and glycolic acid throughout the day. For example, using a salicylic acid toner in your morning routine can clear away dirt buildup on your skin. If you use retinol in your evening routine, there will be enough time in between to ensure that your skin’s pH is rebalanced and ready to absorb other skincare ingredients. Before applying any of these formulas to your skin, I highly recommend that you consult a doctor or dermatologist to find the best product for you and your skin. You can also do a patch test 24 hours before applying products to your face, as this will help avoid unnecessary irritation. Which comes first, salicylic acid or hyaluronic acid? For best results, try to apply salicylic acid first, as this removes dead skin cells from the skin. This reveals fresh skin that is more easily absorbed and ensures that anything applied to the skin afterwards can quickly penetrate into the underlying layers of the skin. Ideally, you should apply hyaluronic acid afterwards, as the hydrating properties of this acid will draw moisture into the skin and lock it there, strengthening the skin barrier as it benefits from a constant flow of moisture. This keeps the barrier healthy and can protect the skin from free radicals such as pollution, UV rays, central heating and other environmental influences. How is salicylic acid introduced? Many people find that the best way to introduce salicylic acid into their daily routine is with an exfoliating toner, as this is one of the most effective products and does not irritate the skin too much. Once you have built up a certain tolerance to the stronger products, you can move on to a salicylic acid-infused serum, which contains a higher level of the acid. Remember to initially use salicylic acid products once a week in the evening to protect the skin from excessive UV radiation. This means the skin benefits from the benefits of BHA without any of the side effects. As I mentioned before, make sure you and your skin are happy with this addition to your routine and try to avoid rashes such as breakouts and irritation. Should I use salicylic acid before niacinamide? Yes, you can use salicylic acid before niacinamide. You’ll find that niacinamide has similar skin benefits to hyaluronic acid, with the main difference being its ability to regulate sebum production. This often means that niacinamide is a top choice for people prone to acne, as it helps moisturize the skin and maintain its clarity without interfering with the effects of salicylic acid.

Many of us believe that our day only begins after we wash our face. The first step in your skincare routine plays an important role and sets the tone for the rest of the products that follow. Opinions vary on when to use a facial cleanser and what ingredients to use. However, one thing every beauty expert will recommend is to make sure you use the right cleanser for your skin type. Don’t worry, it’s not as confusing as it sounds. We’ll give you some tips and advice to help you find the right product for you – a skincare matchmaker, so to speak! What does facial cleansing do? The job of facial cleansing is to remove anything from your skin that could cause harm. Pollution, harmful bacteria, excess oil, makeup stains, and dead skin cells are all free radicals, which, if left on your face, can cause acne, redness, and even signs of premature aging. Face cleansers should not be confused with makeup removers and are not typically used to remove makeup like foundation and mascara. In order for your face cleanser to work its true magic, you should remove your makeup first. Otherwise, you’re rubbing product into your skin, which can lead to skin issues like rashes and uneven texture. There’s no way to stop these harmful particles from accumulating on your skin. That’s why it’s so important to wash them off at the end of each day. You can also wash your face in the morning, although some experts disagree on the ideal frequency of skin cleansing. Half of the respondents believe that there’s no real benefit to washing your face in the morning and that the focus should be on the evening, as the skin is exposed to a range of environmental factors and stressors throughout the day. In other words, washing twice a day is best for your skin. If you want to learn more, read our blog post “How Often Should You Wash Your Face and Why?” Does It Make a Difference If I Don’t Use a Face Cleanser? In any case, yes. Given the wide range of face cleansers that have appeared on the market in the past few years, there’s no reason not to wash your face or to just use water. The skin has a 30-day cell cycle, which means it can go through cell turnover and shed layers of dead skin cells. This cycle can be temporarily disrupted, causing dead skin cells to build up, leading to breakouts and a dull complexion, and creating a barrier for skincare products like serums and moisturizers to penetrate the lower layers of the skin. By washing your face, you remove deep-rooted dirt, debris, and bacteria while removing dead skin cells and other skin-damaging free radicals. Which face cleanser works best? As with all products, it’s best to use a formula that’s right for your skin type. Here are some examples of face cleanser ingredients that work best for your skin type and texture Fair skin types. The best face cleansers for dull skin types contain chemical exfoliants, such as popular AHAs like glycolic acid and vitamin C. Both of these ingredients add a glow to your skin and remove any barriers that prevent other topical treatments from penetrating deeper into the skin. Choose products with AHAs like glycolic acid and vitamin C for a revitalized, radiant complexion. All types of face cleansers, such as milks, lotions, balms, and gels are suitable for dull skin. Don’t forget to apply a nourishing serum after washing to maintain your glow. A face cleanser can be used both morning and night, but you should always apply a moisturizer afterward. Dry Skin Type. While washing your face is a great start to your skin care routine, it can leave your skin very dry if you’re not careful. If you have dry skin, you need a cleanser that not only removes all the flaky areas and dead skin cells, but also cleanses the skin gently. AHA lactic acid is great for dry skin because it gently exfoliates while retaining moisture. You should also look for non-foaming formulas because they can also dry out the skin. It’s best to use a face cleanser at night after removing your makeup. This will cleanse your skin but not leave it feeling too harsh. Choose a formula with lactic acid because it gently exfoliates and locks in moisture. Cleansers, lotions, and cream formulas are best for dry skin. To prevent dry skin, use a face cleanser at night. Oily Skin Type. While some say that face cleansers don’t stay on your face long enough to have a big impact on your skin, it’s still a good idea to be aware of your skin type and how to keep it looking and feeling healthy. If you have oily or acne-prone skin, choose an oil-free face cleanser to avoid excess oil, which can throw your skin off balance. Ideally, use a face cleanser twice a day, but not too often, and only if the cleanser isn’t too harsh or irritating to your skin. Allow the cleanser ingredients to penetrate all of your feet. Salicylic acid penetrates the deepest layers of the skin, opening clogged pores and removing dead skin cells.

Hydration is essential for mature skin because we lose moisture and collagen over time. While it may be easy to remember to apply a facial moisturizer every day, we often neglect other areas that need hydration. Therefore, the best lotions for aging skin deserve a spot in your skincare routine. "As we age, estrogen and hyaluronic acid levels decline, sun damage accumulates, and our barrier weakens," says Mona Gohara, MD, associate clinical professor of dermatology at Yale School of Medicine and member of the Preventive Medicine Review Board. "The effect of this combination is less hydration in the skin and less radiance. This can be offset with a good moisturizer or two! The key is to replace what's been lost and support what's been biologically compromised." Finding ingredients that nourish the skin is also key to finding the best body lotion for aging skin. "Hydration is key, and ingredients like hyaluronic acid, glycerin, and ceramides help retain moisture," explains Supriya Rastogi, MD, a board-certified dermatologist at Schweiger Dermatology Group in New York City. Here are the best body lotions for aging skin, according to experts, reviews, and our editors. Gold Bond Age Renew Retinol Night Body and Face Lotion Dr. Rastogi says this lotion, which can be used on the face or body, is a must-have. The non-greasy formula moisturizes and exfoliates at the same time, with ingredients like shea butter, cocoa butter, and glycerin to make skin soft. It also contains retinol, which firms the skin for a more youthful appearance. It's also free of parabens, dyes, and fragrances. Reviewer Rating: "I had slightly saggy skin on the backs of my hands, but it's gone now and my skin looks younger. My freckles and discoloration (sun damage) have also been noticeably reduced since using this lotion. I apply it on my arms at night and wake up to a noticeably more even skin tone," the reviewer wrote. CeraVe Daily Moisturizing Lotion Dr. Jaliman also recommends CeraVe products because their ingredients are skin-friendly and because they "contain hyaluronic acid for hydration." The lightweight formula is fragrance-free, non-comedogenic, and contains three essential ceramides that help restore the skin barrier. It's also approved by the National Eczema Association, making it a great choice for those with sensitive skin. What reviewers say: "Since I have extremely sensitive skin, I often have a hard time finding moisturizers that don't cause irritation, but this lotion works really well. It provides long-lasting moisture without feeling greasy, and the hyaluronic acid provides extra hydration to my skin. It absorbs quickly and leaves skin feeling soft all day. I love that it's gentle enough for face and body," one shopper wrote.

The best retinol creams and serums, the best eye creams, and the best moisturizers are important for a healthy complexion. But figuring out how to exfoliate your face can help you get the skin you've always wanted. Exfoliation removes dead skin cells, explains Marisa Garshick, M.D., F.A.A.D., a dermatologist at MDCS in New York City. There are two types, chemical peels or physical peels (more on that later), and both can "remove dead skin cell buildup for brighter, more radiant, softer, and smoother skin," she says. Dr. Brendan Camp, a double-board certified dermatologist at MDCS Dermatology in New York City, explains that the benefits of exfoliating your face and other parts of your body include opening up clogged pores, preventing breakouts, brightening your complexion, and boosting collagen production for a more youthful appearance. Ahead experts explain how to exfoliate your skin for the softest, clearest complexion yet. The Peel Garden There are two types of peels, our experts say: physical and chemical. Physical: This type of peel "mechanically helps remove dead skin cells," explains Dr. Garshick. They may contain particles or granules that physically remove them. Examples include sugar, salt, or ground coffee, says Dr. Camp, which exfoliates the skin's surface and speeds up the body's natural exfoliation process. Dry brushing is another example. Chemical: "During a chemical or enzymatic peel, an acid or enzyme works on the skin to break down the bonds between dead skin cells, making them easier to remove," explains Dr. Camp. This type of peel most commonly comes in liquid, serum, or powder form, he says. Chemical peels typically contain an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), such as glycolic, lactic, or mandelic acid, or a beta hydroxy acid (BHA), such as salicylic acid, Dr. Garshick. How to exfoliate your face It depends on the product you use, says Janiene Luke, MD, a dermatologist in Loma Linda, California. “For liquid exfoliants, you apply the product with a cotton pad or ball. Cleansers or leave-on products may also contain exfoliants…which can be applied and washed off, or applied to the skin and left on,” she says. “[Physical] exfoliants can be applied with your hands/fingers and rubbed into the skin in circular motions.” It’s important to consider how you incorporate exfoliation into your skin care routine. Dr. Garshick says it’s best to avoid exfoliation if you use products with “other irritating active ingredients like benzoyl peroxide or retinoids.” Our experts explain how to exfoliate: Wash your face. “It’s best to apply it to clean skin,” says Dr. Garshick. Exfoliate. Whether you use a gentle exfoliant or a chemical exfoliant (aka serum or powder) is up to you. Test each chemical exfoliant on a small patch of skin before applying it all over your body, following the product’s instructions, to see how your skin reacts. Moisturizer. "After exfoliating, it's important to follow up with a gentle moisturizer to soothe and nourish the skin," says Dr. Garshick. What type of peel should I use based on my skin type? Dr. Garshick advises those with sensitive skin or a tendency toward rosacea to be careful when exfoliating. Here's how to find the best exfoliant for your skin type. Sensitive and dry: "In general, for those with dry or sensitive skin, it's best to opt for a chemical exfoliant, as physical exfoliants can be too harsh and abrasive for the skin," says Dr. Garshick. Oily: "For those with oily skin, salicylic acid (a chemical exfoliant) can help open up the pores and also aid in exfoliation," she says. Combination: People with normal or combination skin can use either a chemical or physical exfoliant, but no matter the type of exfoliant, it's important to avoid over-exfoliation, says Garshick. Signs of over-exfoliation include "redness, irritation, and possibly a rash or skin damage," says Dr. Kemp.

If a stinging sensation strikes your skin upon application of your nightly lotions and potions, it’s a signal that you need two things: a moisturizer for sensitive skin and a break from irritating skincare ingredients like exfoliators and acids. Whether you naturally have sensitive skin, or your barrier is over-treated and in need of repair, a calming sensitive skin moisturizer can do wonders to bring you back to center. “Having an occasional sensitization to a product can occur to many people, but an ongoing sensitivity to products and persistent symptoms like redness, irritation, or itching, may indicate a possible underlying condition,” says Michael Kassardjian, D.O., board-certified dermatologist in LA, such as eczema, psoriasis, or rosacea. Sensitivity usually also comes with dryness because “having a thinner or damaged skin barrier allows moisture to escape more easily,” Dr. Kassardjian explains. Mature skin may also be more sensitive because the skin barrier thins with age, he adds, which may mean you need to switch up products every few years. If you’re in the market for a new cream to restore your skin’s peace, keep scrolling for the best moisturizers for sensitive skin to add to your daily routine, according to dermatologists and reviews. Vanicream is a great option for very sensitive skin because it’s incredibly gentle, says Dr. Kassardjian. Consider it a no-brainer for what it doesn’t contain: common irritants, such as dyes, fragrances, parabens, lanolin, and formaldehyde. Instead, it “contains ceramides to help hydrate and moisturize skin,” he adds. Plus, it has even earned a stamp of approval from the National Eczema Association. With tens of thousands of rave reviews on Amazon, testers say it’s a winner, too. “I have very sensitive skin and can NOT tolerate many lotions/creams, but this one is very nice and not greasy,” explained one reviewer. Active ingredients: Glycolic acid Free of: Dyes, fragrances, lanolin, parabens, formaldehyde, botanical extracts, gluten

A lack of sleep can cause more than just fatigue—it can also wreak havoc on your skin. Puffy eyes, dark circles, and a whole host of other skincare concerns all can cause tired-looking under eyes. Rather than drinking an extra cup of coffee in the morning, experts say you can try reaching for the best caffeine eye cream to wake up your complexion instead. “Caffeine reduces puffiness and dark circles by constricting blood vessels. It also has antioxidant properties, protecting the delicate eye area from environmental stressors,” says Marisa Garshick, M.D., F.A.A.D., a board-certified dermatologist in New York. “When applied to the skin, caffeine helps to reduce swelling and redness.” It can also help your circulation, giving your under eyes an immediately refreshed appearance by depuffing and smoothing out fine lines. Like the boost from your morning cup of coffee, however, it's important to remember that the effects of caffeine are temporary, even when applied to your skin—so using a caffeine eye cream does require consistent use for desired results. Not sure where to start? Ahead, find the best caffeine eye creams for glowing, youthful-looking skin—plus, how to choose the right product for you. TruSkin Depuffing Longevity Eye Cream Not only does this eye cream contain coffeeberry extract which is rich in caffeine, but it’s also formulated with a variety of other effective ingredients that tackle numerous undereye concerns. Along with caffeine, bakuchiol (a plant-based retinol alternative) and lingonberry stem cells “help reduce puffiness and brighten the skin,” Dr. Garshick explains. “I also love that it protects against blue light damage and oxidative stress using the lingonberry stem cells.” She adds that it is suitable for all skin types, including those with sensitive skin. What reviewers say: “I’ve always struggled with dark circles and puffiness under my eyes and I’ve tried countless eye creams in the past, but nothing seemed to make a real difference. That is until I discovered this Truskin Depuffing Longevity Eye Cream!” one Amazon reviewer wrote. “This eye cream has truly been a game-changer for me, and I can’t help but rave about it. I use a small amount at night before going to sleep and I wake up with my eyes looking refreshed and revitalized! After using consistently for a few weeks, I’ve noticed a look in reduced dark circles and puffiness under my eyes.”

Salicylic acid is a multifunctional skin savior—try these face washes for a smoother, healthier complexion. A salicylic acid cleanser is one of those multitasking skincare products that people swear by. Whether you’re looking for one of the best acne treatments, a solution for clogged pores, or a tried and true face exfoliator to buff away dry, flaky skin, a face wash with salicylic acid can help you achieve the glowing, healthy skin you covet. “Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA) in the category of active ingredients called salicylates, derived from willow bark,” says Ava Shamban, M.D., a board-certified dermatologist in Santa Monica and Beverly Hills, CA. As opposed to alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) that simply exfoliate the skin’s surface layer, BHAs like salicylic acid penetrate through oil and work hard to unclog pores. “It gets to work like a little jackhammer,” Dr. Shamban adds, breaking down dead skin cells and dissolving impurities that build up and cause breakouts. Its exfoliating properties can also help manage psoriasis, even skin tone, and combat signs of aging by reducing hyper-pigmentation and photodamage. If you’ve ever had acne, chances are you’ve used something that contains salicylic acid before. It’s found in spot treatments, serums, and even moisturizers, so why use it in a cleanser? “It’s short contact,” says Mona Gohara, M.D., a CT-based board-certified dermatologist and member of Prevention’s Medical Review Board. When you rinse off the active ingredient rather than leaving it on long-term, it can help mitigate irritation and dryness. Also, unlike topical treatments, when you rinse the cleanser, you’re “literally removing” the top layer of dead skin cells, which is a plus, adds Dr. Shamban. But if you have very dry, easily inflamed skin, salicylic acid—even in cleanser form—may not be for you. Dr. Gohara warns that those with eczema and rosacea should tread lightly with the ingredient, and Orit Markowitz, M.D., F.A.A.D., CEO and Founder of OptiSkin, says that those with cystic, under-the-skin breakouts may not see clearer skin after using it. However, those with oily, breakout-prone skin should definitely give it a try with the below derm-approved options.

Today we're taking it back to one of the brands I fell for early on in my love affair with skincare and it still has a special place in my heart; Caudalie. This is a French pharmacy skincare brand, but it's not one of the more functional, joyless ones (no shade, there's a place all of these products), it's a little more luxurious but is still well-priced and the products are all formulated around their signature grape water (from their own vineyards). They recently reformulated their moisturiser offering and I have all three iterations (which address dehydration with different textures for different skin types) here to review for you... The first formula is geared towards more oily / combination skin types but could have broader appeal during the summer months. I did have a recollection of the VinoHydra Gel Moisturiser* | £20 | and honestly; it was that I didn't enjoy this product! However, given it's been reworked and relaunched, I wanted to keep an open mind. The lightest-textured moisturiser of the three is formulated with a glycerin base, which is really what I'd expect from a gel moisturiser; glycerin is a humectant, meaning it pulls hydration into your skin and it's in a lot of skincare products because it's very effective at its job. This product also contains grape water and grape juice, which is Caudalie's trademark and these ingredients will add some extra hydration and impart some antioxidant benefits (protecting the skin from free radical damage). This is a pretty simple formula which also contains a hyaluronic acid derivative (for added humectant benefits) and soothing aloe, though - like all three formulas in this range - it does contain fragrance, which will add a more luxurious feel for some but could be irritating for some (I personally enjoy the grape aroma of Caudalie products, but each to their own!) It's a simple formula that will work for most people but unfortunately I did have the same issue with this as I did with the original formula: it just really pills up! And I don't think it's the 'fault' of the other skincare I'm using alongside this because I'm definitely not using the same products as I was when I first used this back in around about 2016/2017. A moisturiser that peels with my makeup and sunscreen is a deal-breaker, which is why I don't recommend this product. Onto something I much prefer: the VinoHydra Sorbet Cream Moisturiser* | £20. This is the Goldilocks moisturiser, geared towards normal skin types, but honestly I do think most people will get along with this one. It's a sort of melting water-based cream with some added emollients, which help leave the skin feeling softer and more nourished than the gel formulation. In terms of ingredients, we have hyaluronic acid and glycerin, the grape water and extract (all the same as with the gel formula), a calming and reparative peptide and shea butter, which will add that extra deep nourishment to combat dryness alongside hydrating the skin. We have Vitamin E as a fat-soluble antioxidant and soybean and sunflower seed oils to leave the skin soft and smooth after use. We also have skin-soothing extracts such as chamomile and Beta-glucan (which can also help to hydrate the skin). For me, this is a much more well-rounded formula for your money, with some great added extras. I also think that - unless shea butter doesn't agree with your skin or something - it's still very light so I think most people will get on better with this than the gel. At the same time, this provides hydration that lasts on my dry skin. It leaves my skin nicely soft and plump too, whilst being so lightweight and breathable on my skin. Plus it works well under my makeup and with my other skincare products. Personally, this is my favourite so far, but the next formula could give it a run for its money as we head into the colder months... Finally, we have the VinoHydra Deep Hydration Moisturiser* | £20 | which is geared towards drier skin types. This is the richest of the bunch, but honestly; it's still a squeezable moisturiser and you can feel the water base, so don't worry that it's going to be thick or heavy on the skin! This has glycerin high up on the INCI list like with the other two formulas in this range, which is what gives it this melting quality, though you can definitely feel that it's a little richer and more substantial on the skin. There's also shea butter, replenishing fatty alcohol and squalane, which is a plant-based skin-similar oil to boost nourishment in dry skin. We also have Vitamin E, plant oils and hyaluronic acid. This has a bit more of a lotion feel and needs a little more working into the skin because it has more of that fatty content that's really going to leave your skin nourished after use. My face is so happy when I use this product; it has that lovely silky feel and it's deeply moisturised and hydrated. I use this both AM and PM and it works alongside my makeup and sunscreen. I see myself transitioning from the Sorbet formula to this as my daily go-to as the weather gets colder over the next couple of weeks. It's really lovely, offering lasting nourishment without the heavy feel of a true face cream.

Today I wanted to write something that really represents my current approach to skincare, which is why - even as a creator - I've pulled back my content to more single product reviews and I'm not scared to post basically the same routine regularly! Back in 2020 there was such a surge of interest in skincare and now, almost 5 years later, I'm sure we've all matured in terms of our approach to our routines. And my personal journey has been realising that even as a creator; it doesn't have to be 'new new new' all the time. So, today I'm sharing a few tips and questions you should ask yourself before making a new skincare (or any other beauty) purchase... This sounds so obvious, but I see so many people with products they have no need of, that it seemed worth mentioning! Sometimes brands and influencers get you really hyped up on a new launch or I'm sure there are a lot of people who just like the look or branding of a product and don't think that much about whether what's inside is right for them. For example, teenagers begging their parents for Drunk Elephant skincare or the days of them using the Ordinary's 30% AHA BHA peel; these aren't products designed for young skin, they're much too harsh if you don't need them and are actually going to be quite detrimental in this context. Or, a brand or celebrity may be hyping up a moisturiser as the secret to youthful skin, but if you're oily and sensitive and that formula is packed full of rich shea butter; it's not going to be for you! So, if you feel yourself getting swept up in the hype of a product or brand, I suggest stopping, thinking and really considering what it is that makes you want it. Is it actually going to address your skin concerns? Is there actually a place for it within your routine? Or is it something you're just collecting?

Today we're talking about a true hero product from what is lowkey one of my favourite skincare brands; Naturium's retinal. I'll give you a quick summary of retinal and how it fits into the wider family of retinoids (the most proven ingredient on the market to reverse existing signs of photo-ageing) and also do a comparison of the original 0.05% formula up against the 0.1% formula which only launched in the UK a few months back... Ok, let's start with the basics; what is a retinal (what, even, is a retinoid)? Retinal belong to the retinoid family of Vitamin A derivatives, the same as its more-famous sibling retinol. This class of ingredients are pretty much the best of the best when it comes to proven well-ageing benefits (other than preventative measures such as sunscreen). Retinoids boost collagen production (this is what gives our skin its bounce but our stores deplete over the years), even out the skin tone, smooth fine lines and increase skin cell turnover (which slows as we age, leading to drier, duller skin). They should not be used if you are pregnant or breastfeeding and aren't really suitable for under-25s unless you've been advised to use one by a dermatologist as an acne treatment. So, what is retinal specifically? The short version is: only prescription-strength retinoids are formulated with with direct retinoic acid, otherwise your skin has to convert whatever ingredient your skincare uses into it. With each conversion, the ingredient tends to lose some of its potency. Retinal sits between retinoic acid and retinol on this conversion scale, so you may notice similar results to a retinol but these results can be both faster and more noticeable. Personally, it's the best of both worlds! For whatever reason, I find it less drying than most retinol products I've tried, plus I get better results in a shorter period of time. Historically, this ingredient hasn't been that available on the market, and it's tended to be pretty expensive. But this is starting to change and Naturium's formula is one such more-affordable product. Naturium currently offer the 0.05% Retinaldehyde Cream Serum* | £32 | and the 0.1% Retinaldehyde Cream Serum* | £35. Right off the bat, I love that the higher concentration formula is just £3 more expensive than the lower-strength version; a lot of brands would charge considerably more for a 0.1% concentration of retinal. Additionally, you're getting 50ml of product with the Naturium retinal formulas as opposed to the standard 30ml serum size. The base formula is exactly the same and I really couldn't detect any textural differences between the two. This comes out like a watery lotion; definitely thicker than a water-based serum in a dropper, but it melts down effortlessly. The base formula includes plenty of hydrating glycerin, some moisturising plant oils to soften the skin and Vitamin E as a fat-soluble antioxidant (protecting the skin from free radical damage). It's simple but it does the job! I used the 0.05% formula for a good few months almost every night (until I ran out), so I feel like I can really speak to what a wonderful product this is. It's not your first retinoid, but if you've used a retinol and your skin gets on with it but you just want to push your results to the next level; I think this is a great way of doing so. It's incredibly gentle and I experienced no adjustment or irritation, as an experienced retinoid user. This is still a decent concentration of this ingredient (I'd put it around the middle in terms of what's on the market) and is an amazing price, all things considered. It delivered smoother, more even and radiant skin within a couple of weeks of use without any redness, drying or irritation. So, basically everything you could possibly want from a retinoid! But, how does the 0.1% formula compare? I've been using this formula for around 8 weeks now and can report that it also doesn't irritate my skin or dry it out and my skin didn't need to adjust to this, though I have used a 0.1% formula in the past so perhaps have already built a good tolerance. In terms of results, I honestly found this pretty similar to the 0.05% formula (though maybe in the long-long term it could be doing more for my skin). So, if you have sensitive skin: stick to the 0.05% formula and you're honestly probably getting 80%+ of the same benefits. If your skin tolerates the 0.1% formula just as well, you might as well go for it given the minimal price difference and who knows; maybe in 20 years you'll be glad you did! But the takeaway for me is that both of these formulas have worked really well for my skin, so choose the one that you think your skin can tolerate on a nightly basis so you can reap maximal rewards.

Monday Muse is one of my favourite skincare brands for their simple, gentle and effective skincare formulas, and they don't launch new products very often so I was really excited to see they were adding a moisturiser to their collection. The Cocktail Eternal Cream* | £47 | promises lightweight hydration and revitalisation for the skin, but I really wasn't sure what to expect in terms of texture or how this would work for my drier skin type. So, let's dive into the formula, ingredients, texture and how I got on with it... Since this is the only moisturiser the brand does, I'd imagine they were trying to cover off a fair number of bases with this formulation and the texture is truly unique. This comes out looking almost like the medium orange oil-based Elizabeth Arden 8 hour cream, but as soon as you touch it, it interestingly melts down like a lotion-to-gel. It has a hydrating look and feel on the skin but it doesn't leave a kind of glossy excess on the skin or anything like that. And the dewiness is pretty mild, so won't leave you looking shiny, since it's a very water-based, hydrated kind of glow (rather than being from richness or oil-based ingredients). I was a little dubious as to whether this was going to be any good for my drier skin, since it felt very light, but honestly; my skin hasn't felt dry at all since I started using this. Admittedly, I do apply this as a day cream because I just want something a little richer and more comforting for the evening routine now we're in autumn. Possibly it wouldn't be enough to counteract dry skin and overnight water loss, but I was impressed given the texture how well this hydrated my skin. Let's talk about the ingredients next. The formula contains Palmitoyl Tripeptide-38 (a form of Matrixyl, which you may have heard of), which has some really promising research behind it in terms of helping to smooth fine lines and peptides (short-chain amino acids) can also help to plump and hydrate the skin. Rock Samphire is included in this moisturiser too, which is branded as 'natural retinol'; a claim I'm never fond of, to be honest! Yes, it would be nice to have a gentler, photostable and pregnancy-safe form of retinoid, but none of these alleged retinoid-like plant extracts have a fraction of the evidence for their well-ageing benefits. That being said, it's certainly not a bad ingredient to have in a moisturiser; at the very least it's going to have antioxidant properties. Another ingredient that will help protect the skin against free radical is the microalgae included in the formula, which also has anti-inflammatory benefits to help keep sensitive skin happy and redness under control. There's oat oil within this formula that's going to moisturise and soften the skin but will also feel lightweight and non-greasy (as is squalane, a skin-similar plant oil included in this moisturiser). Glycerin is the second ingredient here; it's the less-popular but lowkey more impressive sibling of hyaluronic acid, i.e. it's a powerful humectant that can pull hydration into the skin. There's also a tiny, everyday-friendly amount of salicylic acid to help clarify the skin, clear congestion and keep blemishes at bay. It's fragrance-free and very unlikely to irritate the skin,

They say the best skincare ingredients grow in your garden. But who knew those little critters crawling around your plants also fit the bill? We don’t recommend trying to extract potions from every crawlie out there, but the effects of snail mucin have been proven. Snail mucin has been a K-beauty skincare staple for quite some time now, and has slowly crept into our favourite skincare products. But what is snail mucin? Simply put, it’s their slimy trail. Historically, Chilean snail farmers found their hands to be extremely soft and supple after handling them. Snails were also made to crawl on people for the slime’s anti-ageing benefits. While it may sound disgusting, maybe it is this ick factor that makes it stick with us, literally. What Are The Benefits Of Snail Mucin? Snail mucin is packed with some really popular skincare ingredients. The presence of hyaluronic acid in it, for one, helps to lock in moisture and facilitate barrier repair. It holds regenerative properties, having glycolic acid, that stimulates collagen production for a youthful look. Allantoin helps lock out irritants while helping shed dead skin cells. Anti-inflammatory zinc, healing manganese, antimicrobial peptides- and the list keeps going. No wonder K-beauty lovers and skinfluencers have their hands full of slime.

Working out affects skin in good and not-so-good ways. Here is how to protect it while getting fit. Working out regularly can help maintain your weight, boost your overall mood and self-esteem, motivate you to eat healthier, and do wonders for your skin. However, not taking the right precautions while working out can cause acne to flare, skin infections, and other skin issues. As much as we benefit from those feel-good endorphins, all of that sweat can clog our pores, cause breakouts, chafing, and more. Your best form of defense is understanding the good, along with the bad, so you can prepare and protect your skin. Here, we spoke with leading board-certified dermatologists on what to do before and after your workout to prevent unwanted issues. Get that glow Once you have cooled down and chugged some water after exercise, you likely noticed your radiant, flushed skin. There’s a reason why so many fitness enthusiasts rave about this feeling, and why many cosmetic companies try to replicate it: it’s naturally attractive. Board-certified dermatologist with a private practice in Chicago, Edidiong Kaminska, MD, FAAD, says this allure is created by an increase of blood flow to all organs, including our largest one, the skin. "This provides oxygen and nutrients to the skin cells and clears impurities from the skin, creating a post-workout glow," she says. Another way fitness improves our skin’s appearance is through stress management and sleep regulation. Because burning calories also burns off anxiety, it can decrease the likelihood or severity of skin conditions like acne, eczema, or psoriasis, since stress can play a role in those conditions. And when you stick to a manageable workout schedule, you tend to sleep better. Plus, with more hours of shut eye, those pesky dark eye circles are less common too, Dr. Kaminska adds. The downside of sweat If you’re in a challenging boot camp or a hot vinyasa yoga class, it feels like sweat is coming from everywhere. And that’s because it is! While sweating is a healthy way to release build-up and impurities, it can also clog up your pores, causing breakouts and other skin issues on your face and throughout your body, especially if you are wearing heavy makeup or other acne-causing products. Dr. Kaminska also says excessive sweating can lead to seborrheic dermatitis, or dandruff, especially if you’re already prone to this condition. This is because dandruff is caused by a yeast that lives on our skin (and thrives in warm, moist environments), and when it overgrows, it begins to flake or itch. And if you’re someone who likes to hit the ground running—literally—you could experience chafing. Though relatively harmless and short-lasting, Dr. Kaminska says it can become painful, especially as your thighs rub together, creating friction. Protect your skin during a workout You shouldn’t skip your favorite fitness class or routine because you’re worried about skin-related issues. Instead, Dr. Kaminska says, there are some proactive, preventive measures you can take before you lace up your sneakers. These include: Skip makeup. Sometimes, it’s easy to forget the swipe of foundation you applied in the morning when you’re scrambling to squeeze in an hour of workout time before relaxing at the end of the day. It may not seem like a big deal, but Dr. Kaminska says sweat mixed in with makeup is much more damaging to skin, because your pores are "clogged" before the workout even begins. It’s better to wash your face with a gentle cleanser before picking up a dumbbell. Never skip sun protection. Any time you work up a sweat outdoors, it’s essential to protect your skin from the sun by staying in the shade whenever possible and wearing sun-protective clothing. Many fitness apparel brands make hats, sunglasses, and clothing that are not only comfortable to wear while active, but also provide UV protection. Apply a broad-spectrum, water-resistant sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 to all skin not covered by clothing. Choose a sunscreen that says "non-comedogenic" or "won’t clog pores" on the label. Not only does it prevent skin cancer, but it will help your appearance remain more youthful for longer. And don’t forget, if you’re enjoying a long fitness session—like marathon training—you’ll need to reapply your sunscreen every two hours or after swimming or sweating. To further protect your skin from the elements, if working out in the cold makes your skin chapped and windburned, consider applying some moisturizer or petroleum jelly before heading outside. Don’t skip sun protection if taking this step, however. Choose the right fabrics. The next time you’re updating your workout wardrobe, look for synthetic fabrics like nylon or polyester or garments that say "moisture-wicking" on the label. These materials "wick" sweat away from your skin and dry quickly, which help prevent clogged pores and even cool down your overall body temperature. Make sure your workout clothes fit loosely, because tight clothing or accessories can rub against and irritate your skin. Get fitted for the right shoes. While everyone has a shoe size, athletic sneakers are not one-size-fits-all, because feet are unique to each person. This is why Dr. Kaminska suggests being fitted at a running or athletic store. Having shoes that fit well reduces blisters and injuries alike. Other ways to prevent blisters while working out include wearing nylon or moisture-wicking socks and if needed, applying soft bandages as extra protection to areas on your feet, like your heels, that are prone to blistering. Stay clean. Avoid contact with equipment or towels that aren’t clean. Use a clean towel to gently pat sweat from your skin while working out, and make sure to disinfect shared equipment before and after use to avoid spreading germs. When possible, use your own equipment, like a yoga mat, to avoid sharing germs.

Have you tried treating dark spots on your own without getting the results you want? Do you see new dark spots appear as others fade? If you answered yes, you’re not alone. Darks spots and patches rank as one of the most common reasons that people who have darker skin tones see a dermatologist. The medical name for one cause of these dark spots is post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Some people just call it hyperpigmentation for short. Getting rid of hyperpigmentation begins with finding out why you get these dark spots or patches. If you can eliminate the cause, many spots will clear on their own and you can prevent new ones from appearing. What causes hyperpigmentation? People who have medium to dark skin tones get dark spots and patches because something triggers their skin to make extra melanin, the substance that gives skin its color. Many everyday things can trigger extra melanin in people who have darker skin tones. Dark spots and patches often appear when: A pimple or patch of psoriasis clears. A wound caused by an insect bite, cut, burn, or other injury heals. You take (or apply) certain medications. A skin or hair care product irritates your skin. Hormonal changes occur, such as during pregnancy. How do you treat hyperpigmentation in darker skin tones? Treatment depends upon what’s causing your hyperpigmentation. The following explains the treatment for each cause: A skin condition like acne, eczema, or psoriasis: To get rid of hyperpigmentation caused by a skin condition, you must effectively treat the skin condition first. When the breakouts or flare-ups stop, you get rid of what’s causing the hyperpigmentation. Most dark spots will then fade on their own over time, but it may take a long time. Skin injury: As the wound heals, you may see a dark spot or patch. In time, the hyperpigmentation will fade if you don’t re-injure your skin. Skin care product: When a skin or hair care product irritates your skin, the product can cause dark spots on your skin. If you're seeing dark spots, try using gentler products. They're less likely to irritate your skin. Products that are gentle on the skin are often labeled "for sensitive skin." You may also see "fragrance-free" on the label. When your skin is no longer irritated, new dark spots tend to stop appearing and existing spots often clear on their own over time. How long does it take for hyperpigmentation to fade? Once what’s causing the dark spots or patches is found and stopped, fading can take time. A spot that is a few shades darker than your natural skin color will usually fade within 6 to 12 months. If the color lies deep in your skin, however, fading can take years. Discoloration that lies deep in the skin is often slate blue to gray in color. It may also be brown, but the brown is much darker than your natural skin color. Treatment can speed up the fading of dark spots and patches. What treatments do dermatologists recommend for hyperpigmentation? Effective treatment for dark spots and patches begins with sunscreen. Whether you’re treating the dark spots on your own or seeing a dermatologist, using sunscreen is essential when you'll be outside. Applied daily, sunscreen can prevent new dark spots and patches. It can also help to clear existing ones. You’ll want to apply sunscreen to all skin that clothing won’t cover. To get the best result, dermatologists also recommend wearing a wide-brimmed hat when you’re outside. To get the protection you need to prevent (and help clear) dark spots, use a sunscreen that offers all of the following: SPF 30 or higher Broad-spectrum protection Water-resistance One (or both) of these active ingredients, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide Non-comedogenic (won’t clog pores) formula if you have oily skin

While anyone can develop light spots on their skin, these spots tend to be more noticeable if you have brown or black skin. Areas of lighter (or darker) skin develop for many reasons. Here’s why you may see one or more lighter areas, and what you can do about it. What causes light spots and patches on brown or black skin? One reason people see a lighter area is that the skin is making less pigment. The medical term for this change is hypopigmentation, which translates to “less pigment.” Your skin’s ability to make pigment may slow down when you: Injure your skin Apply certain medications to your skin Have a cosmetic procedure (i.e., laser treatments, injectable wrinkle filler) A light spot or patch can also be a sign that you have a skin condition. If you see lightly colored areas on your skin, you might have one of the following conditions: Seborrheic dermatitis Tinea versicolor Psoriasis Eczema Lupus Some people who develop light spots and patches have vitiligo. This condition develops when your body starts destroying some of the cells that give your skin its color. In areas where the skin cells have been destroyed, you see loss of skin color. People of all skin colors can develop vitiligo. When you have a darker skin tone, the contrast between your natural skin color and the lighter area(s) makes vitiligo stand out. The light areas on this man’s face are due to a condition called vitiligo. Treatment may help restore lost skin color. Vitiligo on man’s face How to get rid of light spots and patches To give you expert advice, we turned to Nada Elbuluk, MD, MSc, FAAD, who is a board-certified dermatologist and Director and Founder of the Skin of Color Center and Pigmentary Disorders Clinic at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. Dr. Elbuluk recommends these three self-care tips for anyone who notices light spots: Pay close attention to your skin for a few weeks. Here’s what to look for: Darkening of the light area(s) New light area(s) -- or more lightening of existing light areas -- on your skin No change “A light spot can appear where you recently had a rash, bug bite, or wound,” says Dr. Elbuluk. She adds, “When this happens, your body will work to make more pigment. How quickly you see more pigment and a return of your natural skin color can depend on several factors, including how long you had the rash, bug bite, or wound.” “If your skin heals from the rash or other concern in a few weeks, the light spot tends to improve more quickly,” says Dr. Elbuluk. You’ll likely notice some darkening in a few weeks. “When the rash (or other condition) lingers for a year or longer, the light spot can take longer to heal. Sometimes, you may not get to 100% recovery,” she says. When to see a dermatologist: If you see new (or worsening) light spots or no change after a few weeks, it’s time to see a board-certified dermatologist. By seeing a dermatologist, you can find out what’s causing the light areas on your skin. Sometimes, the light areas are actually a skin condition that can benefit from treatment. “If the light spots are caused by a condition, you want to treat it proactively. With this approach, there’s less risk of more light spots developing,” says Dr. Elbuluk. Protect the light areas from the sun. Often, your body will start making pigment to heal a light area. “If your body is making pigment, sunlight can cause your body to overdo it,” says Dr. Elbuluk. When your body overdoes it on making pigment, those light spots become dark spots. To protect your skin from sunlight, dermatologists recommend following these tips when you’re outdoors. Cover the light-colored skin with clothing like long sleeves and pants. You also want to stay in the shade. If you cannot cover up with clothing, apply sunscreen before going outdoors. To get the protection you need, use sunscreen that offers all of the following: Broad-spectrum protection SPF 30 or higher Water resistance When spending time outdoors, be sure to reapply the sunscreen every two hours and after swimming or sweating. Skip treating the light spots on your own. While treatment may help, there is no one treatment for light spots. For treatment to be effective, you must know what’s causing the skin lightening. It’s also possible that you don’t need treatment. Sometimes, the best approach is to let your natural skin color return on its own. “A dermatologist can tell you what’s best for you,” says Dr. Elbuluk. She adds that you want to be proactive about seeking care. If a disease like eczema is causing the lightening, treating the eczema can help decrease new light spots. What to expect when you see a dermatologist for light spots Your dermatologist’s first priority is to find the cause. To give you an accurate diagnosis, your dermatologist will look closely at the light area(s) and ask questions. Before your first dermatology appointment, make sure you know the names of your medications. Some medications can lighten your skin, so your dermatologist will ask you about medications you take or apply to your skin. Be sure to tell your dermatologist about treatment that you buy without a prescription like acne gels and ointments. Woman sitting on couch at home, using laptop Once your dermatologist knows why you have a light area(s), your dermatologist will tell you what’s recommended. Often, your natural skin color will return on its own. If you have a skin condition, your dermatologist can create a treatment plan for you.

How to clean your makeup brushes To protect your skin and kill any harmful bacteria that lingers in your makeup brushes, it’s a good idea to wash your brushes every 7 to 10 days. To clean your makeup brushes, follow these tips from board-certified dermatologists. Dirty makeup brushes can wreak havoc on the skin. In addition to collecting product residue, dirt and oil, makeup brushes are a breeding ground for bacteria. This could compromise your complexion — in the form of acne breakouts and rashes — as well as your health. Dirty makeup brushes can cause an infection, such as a fungal infection, E. coli, or a staph infection, which can be very serious. To protect your skin and kill any harmful bacteria that lingers in your makeup brushes, it’s a good idea to wash your brushes every 7 to 10 days. To clean your makeup brushes, dermatologists recommend the following tips: Rinse the tips of your brushes under lukewarm, running water to remove residual makeup. Only rinse the tip, as submerging the whole brush head will eventually dissolve the glue that connects the brush head to the handle. Fill a bowl with lukewarm water and a tablespoon of either gentle shampoo or clarifying shampoo. Using plain soap and water can dry out the bristles. Swirl each brush tip in the bowl. For a good lather, you can also massage each brush tip in the palm of your hand. Rinse the brush tips under running water. Continue shampooing and rinsing each brush until the water runs clear from the brush. Squeeze out excess moisture with a clean, dry paper towel. Lay your brushes flat to dry on a towel with the tips hanging off the edge of the counter. Do not dry your brushes upright in a container, as this will cause the water to run down the brushes, loosening the glue that connects the brush head with the handle. At a time when skin infections are on the rise, never share your makeup brushes with anyone else, and wash them often. If you suspect that your makeup is causing acne breakouts or other skin irritation, make an appointment to see a board-certified dermatologist.

Dermatologist tips for healthy skin Trying to achieve healthier skin? Follow these quick tips from board-certified dermatologists to learn healthy skin habits. For even more recommendations on maintaining healthy skin, see the list below. These general skin care tips from dermatologists can benefit just about everyone. 1. Apply sunscreen every day before you go outdoors. Sunscreen is the closest thing we have to a fountain of youth. It really can slow down skin aging. It can also help prevent skin cancer. Look for a sunscreen that offers broad-spectrum protection, SPF 30 (or higher), and water resistance. While it's important to protect infants' skin from the sun, the AAD recommends applying sunscreen ONLY to children who are 6 months and older. Don't smoke. Smoking speeds up how quickly your skin ages. If you smoke, your wounds will also take longer to heal. And research shows that smoking worsens some skin diseases, including psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa. Check your skin for skin cancer. Skin self-exams can help you find skin cancer early when it's highly treatable. If you notice a spot that differs from the others, or one that changes, itches, or bleeds, make an appointment to see a dermatologist. Use a self-tanner if you like looking tanned. Anytime you tan indoors or outside, you prematurely age your skin. You also increase your risk of getting skin cancer. A self-tanner can give you the look you want without the risks. To keep your skin healthy, you want to protect it from the sun even when using a self-tanner. Use skin care products that match your skin's needs. What's your skin type — oily, dry, normal, combination, or sensitive? Do you have a skin condition? Using products formulated for your skin's needs will help your skin look and feel its best. Resist the urge to scrub your skin clean. If you've been sweating heavily or have a serious acne flare, it may seem natural to scrub your skin. Don't! Scrubbing irritates your skin, which can worsen any skin condition, including acne. Wash your face when waking, before bed, and after sweating. Washing when you wake up removes the dirt and bacteria that settle on your face while sleeping. Before bed, you want to remove makeup and grime, such as smog, smoke, or dirt, which may have landed on your skin. To keep his skin looking its best, man gently applying cleanser to his face with his fingertips Gently wash your face. Gentle cleansing helps skin look its best. To gently cleanse your face, wet it with warm water. Then apply a mild cleanser, gently applying the cleanser in a circular motion with your fingertips. Finish by completely rinsing off the cleanser and gently patting your face dry with a clean towel. Stress less. Finding healthy ways to manage stress can help your skin, too. Some skin diseases like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (eczema) often appear for the first time when someone feels really stressed. Stress can also cause flare-ups of many skin conditions, including acne, eczema, psoriasis, and rosacea. See a board-certified dermatologist if you dislike something about your skin. When it comes to our skin, dermatologists are the experts. These doctors diagnose and treat thousands of different skin diseases. They also have the expertise needed to help people safely rejuvenate and care for their skin.

5 ways to use petroleum jelly for skin care The skin is the body’s largest organ, so it’s important to take good care of it. However, doing so doesn’t necessarily mean breaking the bank. In fact, petroleum jelly, a common, inexpensive product found in most people’s medicine cabinets, can have multiple skin care uses for the entire family. The skin is the body’s largest organ, so it’s important to take good care of it. However, doing so doesn’t necessarily mean breaking the bank. In fact, a common, inexpensive product found in most people’s medicine cabinets, petroleum jelly, can have multiple skin care uses for the entire family. To save on skin care, dermatologists recommend using petroleum jelly to: Relieve dry skin, including your lips and eyelids. Dry skin can flake, itch, crack and even bleed. Since ointments are more effective and less irritating than lotions, consider applying petroleum jelly to dry skin, including your lips and eyelids. The skin on your eyelids is the thinnest skin on the body and can get irritated easily. If your eyelids get dry and flaky, apply a small amount of petroleum jelly for moisture and protection. For the best results, always apply petroleum jelly when your skin is damp. Help injured skin heal. For minor wounds such as cuts, scrapes, and scratches, use petroleum jelly to keep the wound moist. This helps prevent the wound from drying out and forming a scab, as scabs take longer to heal. This will also help prevent a scar from getting too large, deep or itchy. As long as the wound is cleaned daily, it is not necessary to use anti-bacterial ointments. Prevent chafing. Chafing is a painful skin irritation that occurs when body parts rub together or rub against clothing. To prevent chafing that can lead to blisters, apply petroleum jelly to problem areas, such as the feet or thighs. Treat diaper rash. The best way to prevent diaper rash is to keep your baby’s skin as dry and clean as possible. However, if your baby does get a rash, apply petroleum jelly during each diaper change. With the right care, your baby’s rash should clear in about three to four days. If the rash doesn’t go away, see a board-certified dermatologist. Rehydrate nails. If you frequently get manicures and pedicures, apply petroleum jelly to your nails and cuticles in between polishes. This will minimize brittleness and help prevent your nails from chipping. For the best results, apply it when your nails are damp. While petroleum jelly has many benefits, it shouldn’t be used for everything. Avoid putting petroleum jelly on your face if you are acne-prone, as this may cause breakouts in some people. If you have questions about your skin or how to take care of it, see a board-certified dermatologist.

Wearing sunscreen is one of the best — and easiest — ways to protect your skin’s appearance and health at any age. Used regularly, sunscreen helps prevent sunburn, skin cancer and premature aging. To help make sunscreen a part of your daily routine, dermatologist Anna Chien addresses common concerns. What is SPF? Sun protection factor (SPF) represents a sunscreen’s ability to protect against a specific portion of ultraviolet (UV) light called UVB. UVB rays are responsible for sunburns and skin cancer. There are two other portions of UV light: UVC rays (which don’t pass the earth’s atmosphere) and UVA rays (which are also responsible for skin cancer as well as skin aging). A sunscreen that is broad spectrum will protect against both UVB and UVA rays. What sunscreen should I buy? For day-to-day use, pick a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30. If you spend time outdoors, choose a product with SPF 60 or greater. In reality, most people do not use as much sunscreen as they should, and this higher SPF helps compensate for the reduced application. How much sunscreen do I need? To protect your face, neck, arms and legs, you’ll need about 1 ounce of sunscreen. Squeezed into your hand, 1 ounce of sunscreen is enough to completely cover your palm. To protect your face and neck, you’ll need about a half teaspoon. Should sunscreen come before or after other products? So long as the sunscreen is at least SPF 30, water-resistant and broad-spectrum, it doesn’t matter in what order you apply your skin care products. Some people find it’s easiest to work with bare skin — before makeup or moisturizer have been added. Find what works best for your routine. If you have concerns about layering specific products, speak with your dermatologist. Does makeup with SPF work? Makeup is not enough to protect your skin — even if it has a high SPF. You would need much more makeup than you typically use to reach the labeled SPF. Are mineral sunscreens better? Sunscreens are often grouped into two categories: chemical and mineral. Chemical sunscreens use ingredients like avobenzone, octisalate, octocrylene, homosalate and others. Mineral sunscreens use either zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. Both chemical and mineral sunscreens work similarly (by absorbing UV light and transforming that energy into negligible amounts of heat). Mineral sunscreens also reflect a small amount of UV light. For some, chemical sunscreens can sting. If you have sensitive skin or frequently react to products, mineral sunscreen might be a better choice. The downside of mineral sunscreens is that they often leave a noticeable white cast, particularly on skin of color. Otherwise, it’s a personal choice. The best sunscreen is the one you’ll reach for every day.

Wearing sunscreen is one of the best — and easiest — ways to protect your skin’s appearance and health at any age. Used regularly, sunscreen helps prevent sunburn, skin cancer and premature aging. To help make sunscreen a part of your daily routine, dermatologist Anna Chien addresses common concerns. What is SPF? Sun protection factor (SPF) represents a sunscreen’s ability to protect against a specific portion of ultraviolet (UV) light called UVB. UVB rays are responsible for sunburns and skin cancer. There are two other portions of UV light: UVC rays (which don’t pass the earth’s atmosphere) and UVA rays (which are also responsible for skin cancer as well as skin aging). A sunscreen that is broad spectrum will protect against both UVB and UVA rays. What sunscreen should I buy? For day-to-day use, pick a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30. If you spend time outdoors, choose a product with SPF 60 or greater. In reality, most people do not use as much sunscreen as they should, and this higher SPF helps compensate for the reduced application.

These general skin care tips from dermatologists can benefit just about everyone. Woman applying sunscreen to her hand Apply sunscreen every day before you go outdoors. Sunscreen is the closest thing we have to a fountain of youth. It really can slow down skin aging. It can also help prevent skin cancer. Look for a sunscreen that offers broad-spectrum protection, SPF 30 (or higher), and water resistance. While it's important to protect infants' skin from the sun, the AAD recommends applying sunscreen ONLY to children who are 6 months and older. Don't smoke. Smoking speeds up how quickly your skin ages. If you smoke, your wounds will also take longer to heal. And research shows that smoking worsens some skin diseases, including psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa. Check your skin for skin cancer. Skin self-exams can help you find skin cancer early when it's highly treatable. If you notice a spot that differs from the others, or one that changes, itches, or bleeds, make an appointment to see a dermatologist. Woman applying self-tanner to her skin Use a self-tanner if you like looking tanned. Anytime you tan indoors or outside, you prematurely age your skin. You also increase your risk of getting skin cancer. A self-tanner can give you the look you want without the risks. To keep your skin healthy, you want to protect it from the sun even when using a self-tanner.

The natural aging process can take a toll on every part of the body, including the skin. From forehead wrinkles to under-eye hollows, aging skin on the face is a common concern for many people. Kofi Boahene, M.D., director of facial plastic and reconstructive surgery at Johns Hopkins Medicine, explains how your skin ages and which facial rejuvenation procedures might be right for you. What are the signs of an aging face? Every person’s face ages differently, but there are telltale signs that facial skin is losing some of its firmness and elasticity. “A youthful face has certain characteristics,” explains Boahene, “including a defined neck and jawline, firm skin, high brows, short eyelids and an egg-like shape.” Aging usually starts in the eyelids and around the eyes. The skin around the eyes is the thinnest in the face. As you age, you may notice dark circles and under-eye hollows, resulting in eyes that look sunken. Some people also develop puffiness beneath the eyes, drooping or excess eyelid skin or fine wrinkles at the corners of the eyes (crow’s feet). The fat in the face also starts to move downward, especially in the cheeks, says Boahene. The skin might look droopy around the nose, cheeks and jawline. Many people develop wrinkles, lines and folds, including deep frown lines above or around their lips. Then, fat around the jaw and neck move down and people get “jowls.” Other common signs of an aging face include: Changes in the contour of the face (lower part becomes wider, face becomes squarer) Dull skin texture Larger pores Less definition Pigment changes (skin discoloration) How does the skin age? The skin has three layers: the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. Most age-related skin changes involve the dermis, which is the middle layer of skin. The dermis contains a lot of the substances that keep skin firm and smooth, such as collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid. Around age 35, we start to lose these substances and the skin becomes lax. There’s also a layer of fat under the skin called subcutaneous fat, which gives your face volume and definition. As the skin loses collagen, elastin and other substances that keep it firm, the fat pads around the eyelids, cheeks, temples and chin shift downward. As a result, the face loses its contours and it wrinkles, and lines and loose skin start to develop. Are there ways to improve the appearance of an aging face? You can improve the look of an aging face in a variety of ways, both nonsurgically and surgically. Some of the most common goals for facial rejuvenation include: Restore volume and face contour Reduce the appearance of under-eye wrinkles and hollows Correct forehead wrinkles and sagging brows Tighten sagging skin around the neck and jaw Correct pigmentary changes

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Daily skin care routines usually include moisturizers, serums, and sometimes masks. We spend a lot of time and effort applying these effective formulas to keep our skin looking and feeling its best. The problem is that areas like the neck are often completely forgotten. It may not sound too serious, but believe it or not, the skin on our neck is noticeably thinner, which means it can show signs of aging earlier. There are also many different factors that can cause accelerated aging in the neck. How we sleep, our lifestyle, how much and how often we look down at our computer or iPhone, and even how often we wear perfume can cause discoloration. So we'll take a look at how to use specific ingredients and whether or not mandelic acid can be used on the throat. What is mandelic acid? It's extracted from bitter almonds and belongs to the large family of chemical peels, known as AHAs. Suitable for many different skin types, including those prone to sensitivity. Helps speed up skin cell turnover and rids the skin of excess sebum, dirt, bacteria, and other impurities, leaving you with a healthy, radiant complexion. Rich in anti-inflammatory properties, it's very effective in fighting acne and other forms of breakouts. Targets hyperpigmentation, dark spots and sun damaged areas, proven to result in a more even skin tone in 4 weeks. Helps stimulate collagen production, smoothing fine lines and wrinkles. Improves skin texture by removing dead skin cells, giving it an overall firmer, smoother appearance. Although it is considered one of the gentlest acids, it is still recommended to consult a doctor or dermatologist before using mandelic acid on your skin. If you want to learn more about this clever AHA, read our dedicated blog post. Can mandelic acid be used on the body? Yes, it really can. Since mandelic acid has a molecule twice the size of glycolic acid and a third larger than lactic acid, it is one of the gentlest acids available. This results in limited irritation and redness, and since it absorbs slowly, all skin types can use it on any appropriate part of the body. Commonly used in personal care products such as moisturizers and specialty body washes, mandelic acid can rejuvenate the skin and improve the overall appearance of clear skin. As I mentioned, the absorption rate is slightly slower than other acids, but mandelic acid can still penetrate deep into the lower layers of the skin to allow the benefits of the acid to take effect. These benefits are stimulating collagen production, shedding layers of dead skin cells, inhibiting overproduction of melanin, preventing dark spots from becoming more pigmented, and ultimately creating a clearer, acne-free complexion. All of these issues are not limited to the face, but often affect certain parts of the body. Personal care products designed to address these issues will help keep the skin clear and in a healthy state. What should not be used with mandelic acid? As mentioned many times, mandelic acid is one of the mildest acids, but it is an acid that can still cause irritation, redness, severe dryness, and general discomfort. Therefore, it is important to be careful not to mix mandelic acid with other acids (such as glycolic acid, salicylic acid) and potent active ingredients (such as retinol). The reasons for this are multifaceted, such as: B. Each ingredient has a different pH value, producing similar results on the skin and causing too much irritation. Nevertheless, you can use these active ingredients in your daily life, just use them at the right stage. Many experts recommend alternating between each ingredient, or leaving enough time between applications to allow the skin to calm down and prepare for the next step in your routine. As I advise with all new skincare products, the easiest way to ensure there are no side effects is to do a 24-hour patch test. Apply 10p of the product to your forearm and leave it on for 24 hours. If you don't feel any irritation after this, you can apply the formula to your face. How long does mandelic acid stay on? This depends a lot on the product that mandelic acid is formulated with. For example, if you use a face wash or cleanser, it will usually take 5 minutes before the product is rinsed off the skin. Other products, such as serums and moisturizers, can stay on the skin for longer. Generally, you should keep using until your skin has developed a tolerance to the acid, especially if you have a very sensitive skin type that is prone to rashes. If you're concerned that the acid may cause dryness, combine it with hyaluronic acid, as this keeps the skin hydrated and healthy, and allows the lipid barrier to function properly. This means it protects the skin from free radicals and other environmental influences. Does mandelic acid help fight wrinkles? Yes, you can, because this clever active ingredient is good for your skin. By stimulating collagen production, mandelic acid can help skin become firmer, plumper and more youthful. You’ll also find that it removes dead skin cell buildup, dirt, bacteria and dry skin from the top layer of your skin. Fine lines and wrinkles can appear worse if these remain on the surface, but once the dead skin cells are sloughed off, there will be noticeable improvement. If you have any further questions, feel free to visit us and follow us on Instagram. There you’ll find one of our skin care experts who will be happy to help you.

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